What is the function of drill pipe coupling
Drill pipe coupling is a key component for connecting drill pipes in oil, gas, and geological drilling. Its core function is to achieve stable connection and functional coordination between drill pipes. The specific functions are as follows:
Drill pipe coupling is a key component for connecting drill pipes in oil, gas, and geological drilling. Its core function is to achieve stable connection and functional coordination between drill pipes. The specific functions are as follows:
1. Connect the drill rod to form a drilling channel
The length of a single drill rod is limited (usually several meters to over ten meters), and the coupling connects adjacent drill rods through threads, connecting multiple drill rods in series to form a continuous "drill string", ensuring that drilling operations can extend underground to the desired depth (from several hundred meters to several kilometers).
The connection part should have high strength and sealing to prevent the drill string from disconnecting or breaking during rotation and pressurization.
2. Transmission of torque and axial load
During drilling, the torque of the ground equipment is transmitted to the drill bit through the drill string, and the coupling needs to bear and transmit the rotational torque between adjacent drill rods to ensure that the drill bit can effectively break the rock.
At the same time, the coupling needs to bear the weight of the drill string itself as well as the axial pressure (pressing down the drill bit) or tension (lifting the drill string) during the drilling process, so its material and structural design need to meet high-strength requirements (usually forged from alloy steel).
3. Ensure the sealing of the drilling fluid circulation channel
During the drilling process, drilling fluid (mud) needs to be transported to the bottom of the well through internal channels of the drill string, cooling the drill bit, carrying rock debris, and balancing formation pressure.
The threaded connection between the coupling and the drill pipe needs to be matched with sealing structures (such as thread grease and sealing rings) to prevent drilling fluid leakage from the connection and ensure the pressure stability and efficiency of the drilling fluid circulation system.
4. Protect the end of the drill rod and extend its service life
The direct connection of the threads at the end of the drill rod is prone to damage due to frequent loading and unloading, as well as wear. As an independent component, the coupling can reduce the wear of the drill rod body by selecting more wear-resistant materials (such as high-strength alloy steel) or special heat treatment processes.
When the coupling is worn or damaged, it can be replaced separately without scrapping the entire drill rod, reducing drilling costs.
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